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What are the characteristics of the three annealing states of titanium: M state, R state, and Y state

Titanium alloy, as a high-performance metal material, has a wide range of applications in various fields such as aerospace, medical and sports. Due to its excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, titanium alloy materials have become the preferred material in many industries. However, the properties of titanium alloys may vary depending on their processing state.
According to the classification of annealing state, titanium alloys are divided into annealed state (M), hot worked state (R), and cold worked state (Y). Titanium alloys are usually divided into alpha type, beta type, and alpha+beta type, and different heat treatment processes can affect their microstructure and thus have different physical properties. So, today let's take a look at the characteristics of titanium alloys in different annealed states.
① Annealed state (M):
After annealing treatment, the internal stress of the material is released, the structure is more uniform, the plasticity and toughness are improved, and the hardness is reduced. Therefore, M-state titanium alloys have better processing properties compared to R-state. In terms of hardness, the hardness of M-state titanium alloys is usually lower than that of R-state, but the specific values are also affected by factors such as annealing temperature and time. Generally speaking, the hardness HRC of titanium alloys (annealed state) is roughly between 32-38.
② Hot working state (R):
It refers to the state of a material that has not undergone any heat treatment after hot rolling. In this state, titanium alloy has high strength but relatively poor plasticity. Due to the presence of forging or rolling stresses, R-state titanium alloys may be unfavorable for subsequent processing. Therefore, unless there is a specific need, it is generally not recommended to use R state as the supply state. In terms of hardness, the R-state titanium alloy has relatively high hardness, but the specific value will be affected by various factors such as alloy composition and rolling process.
③ Cold working state (Y):
After cold processing without annealing, the material is in a hard state The performance characteristics are high strength and low plasticity. After cold processing, titanium alloys will exhibit higher strength and hardness, but plasticity and ductility will decrease. Titanium alloys in this state are suitable for manufacturing high-strength components, such as aerospace, navigation, chemical, medical and other fields. For example, in aerospace, Y-state titanium alloys are commonly used to manufacture aircraft structural components and engine parts; In navigation, used for manufacturing pressure resistant shells and propellers; In the chemical industry, it is used to manufacture corrosion-resistant equipment; In healthcare, it is used to manufacture medical implants.
The above are the characteristics of the three heat treatment states of titanium alloys. In actual procurement, users can choose the correct supply state of titanium materials according to their own usage requirements.

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