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Summary of items and standard methods for testing and testing titanium and titanium alloy materials

Titanium has excellent properties and has been widely used. Titanium has two types of homogenous and heterogeneous crystals. Titanium is a homoisomer with a melting point of 1720 ° C and a dense hexagonal lattice structure below 882 ° C, known as a titanium; At temperatures above 882 ° C, it exhibits a body centered cubic lattice structure, known as B titanium. By utilizing the different characteristics of the two structures mentioned above, appropriate alloying elements are added to gradually change the phase transition temperature and phase content, resulting in titanium alloys with different microstructures.
Its application areas mainly include aviation and aerospace, shipbuilding, chemical and petrochemical, transportation, weapons, marine, electric power, construction, metallurgy, medical, sports equipment, daily necessities, and light industry. Most of the titanium processing materials in the United States and Russia are used in the aerospace industry, accounting for about 80%, while in contrast, Japan and China apply 80% in the fields of chemical, general civil industry, and daily necessities. From the perspective of global demand for titanium, the structural proportion in 2005 was: aerospace accounted for 35%, military accounted for 12%, industrial accounted for 38%, and civilian and other accounted for 15%.
Titanium alloy elements can be divided into three categories based on their influence on phase transition temperature: ① Stable phase A, elements that increase phase transition temperature are stable elements such as aluminum, magnesium, oxygen, and nitrogen. Aluminum is the main alloying element of titanium alloy, which has a significant effect on improving the room temperature and high temperature strength of the alloy, reducing specific gravity, and increasing elastic modulus The element that stabilizes the B phase and reduces the phase transition temperature is the B stable element. It can also be divided into two types: isomorphic type and eutectoid type. The former includes molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, etc.; the latter includes chromium, manganese, copper, silicon, etc Neutral elements such as zirconium and tin have little effect on the phase transition temperature.
1、 Common detection methods
In order to meet different standards and requirements, the testing of titanium products mainly includes the following methods:
1. Chemical analysis
Chemical analysis is a common method for detecting titanium based products, including ores, metals and their alloys before, during, and after smelting, as well as materials after titanium based surface treatment. The commonly used analytical methods include Spark Emission Spectroscopy, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES, ICP-OES), and Low Angle X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD).
2. Non destructive testing
Non destructive testing is currently one of the widely used testing methods for titanium alloy sheet materials and welded joints. Common methods include ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and X-ray testing.
3. Mechanical performance testing
Mechanical performance testing is an important method for testing the performance of titanium alloy products, including performance testing such as tension, compression, and bending. The commonly used standards are ASTM E8 (tensile testing) and ASTM B933 (material hardness testing).
2、 Testing requirements for common titanium products
1. The inspection of titanium alloy plates, thin plates, foils, titanium alloy plates, thin plates, and foils mainly includes appearance inspection, size measurement, chemical composition analysis, mechanical performance testing, corrosion performance testing, etc. Generally speaking, such products should comply with the ASTM B265-15 standard, and the requirements for chemical composition analysis are specified in Table 1 of ASTM B265-15.
2. Medical titanium and titanium alloy materials
Medical titanium and titanium alloy materials are a type of titanium products with special requirements for biocompatibility. Its detection mainly includes biocompatibility testing, chemical composition analysis, microstructure analysis, etc. This type of product should comply with the ASTM F136-13a standard, and its chemical composition analysis requirements are specified in Table 1 of the ASTM F136-13a standard.
3、 Testing items for titanium and titanium alloy materials (including but not limited to):
Heat treatment testing
Metallographic testing
Mechanical performance testing
Coating testing
Insulation performance testing
Metallographic detection
Wear resistance testing
Surface oxidation detection
Chemical analysis
Metal fracture analysis
Density melting point detection
Temperature upper limit detection
Hardness testing
Interlayer temperature detection
Recrystallization temperature detection
Forging temperature detection
Surface tension detection
Element content detection
4、 Testing standards for titanium and titanium alloy materials (including but not limited to):
GB/T 4698.1-2017 Chemical analysis methods for sponge titanium, titanium and titanium alloys Part 1: Detection of copper content Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy
GB/T 4698.2-2011 Chemical analysis methods for sponge titanium, titanium and titanium alloys - Determination of iron content
GB/T 4698.3-2017 Chemical analysis methods for sponge titanium, titanium and titanium alloys Part 3: Detection of silicon content Molybdenum blue spectrophotometric method
GB/T 4698.4-2017 Sponge titanium, titanium and titanium alloys - Chemical analysis methods - Part 4: Detection of manganese content - Periodate spectrophotometric method and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy method
GB/T 4698.5-2017 Sponge titanium, titanium and titanium alloys - Chemical analysis methods - Part 5: Detection of molybdenum content - Thiocyanate spectrophotometric method and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy method
GB/T 4698.6-2019 Sponge titanium, titanium and titanium alloys - Chemical analysis methods - Part 6: Detection of boron content - Methylene blue spectrophotometric method and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy method
GB/T 4698.7-2011 Sponge titanium, titanium and titanium alloys - Chemical analysis methods - Determination of oxygen and nitrogen content

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