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What are the applications of medical titanium alloys as surgical implant materials

Medical titanium and titanium alloys are non-toxic, lightweight, memorable, with high specific strength, good biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. They are used in the manufacturing of cranial bones, heart boxes, pacemakers, artificial joints, dental arch wires, vascular stents, prosthetics, bone marrow needles, dental implants, etc.

In the 1950s, the United States and Britain were the first to use industrial pure titanium in living organisms. In 1950, Britain used titanium to make femoral heads, and Japan changed from using nickel chromium alloy to using titanium alloy for artificial bone joints. Practice has proven that all types of surgical implants made of stainless steel and cobalt based alloys in the past can be made of titanium. Japan has used ST60 (industrial pure titanium grade 2) and STA30 (Ti-5Al-3Mn) titanium instead of other materials to make patch devices, with good results. They also manufactured hip joints using titanium alloy and STA130 titanium.

In the early 1970s, China began to use industrial pure titanium artificial hip and femur in clinical practice. Beijing Nonferrous Metals Research Institute is one of the earliest units in China to study titanium artificial joints. In 1973, 300 industrial pure titanium artificial femurs and hip joints were produced for clinical use. More than ten hospitals, including Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army of China, Shanghai People's Hospital, Shanghai Huashan Hospital, Tianjin Hospital, Shenyang Orthopedic Hospital, and Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Second Military Medical University, have successively conducted clinical applications and research on titanium and titanium alloy artificial bones and joints. They used titanium made hip joints (including femoral heads), knee joints, humeral heads, elbow joints, metacarpophalangeal joints, interphalangeal joints, mandibles, and artificial vertebral bodies to treat hundreds of cases clinically.

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