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The characteristics of titanium containers

(1) Titanium can easily form a dense titanium oxide passivation film on its surface in air and oxidizing neutral aqueous solution media, causing a significant positive shift in the electrode potential of titanium and greatly improving its thermodynamic stability. The passivation coefficient is used to indicate the degree of improvement in chemical stability after metal passivation. Iron is 0.18, nickel is 0.37, molybdenum is 0.49, chromium is 0.74, aluminum is 0.82, and titanium is 2.44. Titanium has much better corrosion resistance than stainless steel, aluminum, and other media. (Mobile containers also utilize the characteristics of titanium's light density and high specific strength)
(2) Titanium does not have the same low-temperature brittleness problem as ferritic steel. It can be used as a low-temperature container at temperatures as low as -269 degrees. However, due to the fact that austenitic stainless steel, aluminum, copper, and other materials can also be used as low-temperature containers and are cheaper than titanium, titanium is actually rarely used in low-temperature fixed containers. In aviation and aerospace, titanium is used as a mobile low-temperature container, mainly because it utilizes its high specific strength and lightweight characteristics.
(3) In chlorine containing media such as seawater and saltwater, carbon steel, low alloy steel, general stainless steel, and aluminum have poor corrosion resistance, while titanium has unique and excellent corrosion resistance. About 50% of titanium containers are used to resist the corrosion of chlorine containing media.
(4) Due to the corrosion resistance of titanium being caused by the surface oxide film, general industrial pure titanium and titanium alloys are not resistant to corrosion in strong reducing media such as high-temperature hydrochloric acid. Ti-32Mo is resistant to hydrochloric acid corrosion, but its plasticity and process performance are poor, and it has not been included in the pressure processing titanium material standard, nor is it included in this standard as titanium for containers.
(5) Under certain conditions, titanium may produce combustion, explosion, or stress corrosion in media such as nitric acid, dry chlorine gas, methanol, trichloroethylene, liquid nitrogen tetroxide, molten metal salts, and carbon tetrachloride, which can cause malignant accidents in titanium containers. Titanium containers should avoid or use these media with caution.
(6) In pure oxygen with a temperature exceeding 500 degrees or in air with a temperature exceeding 1200 degrees, titanium will burn. Therefore, titanium containers should not come into contact with open flames in contact with air and oxygen to avoid combustion.
(7) Titanium materials and titanium containers generally do not require assessment of impact toughness.
(8) There are two main uses of titanium. One is used in aviation for supersonic aircraft, etc. Mainly used for its high specific strength. The main grade is Ti-6Al-4V, and the other is used in civil industry mainly for its excellent corrosion resistance. The main grade is industrial pure titanium. More than 90% of titanium in China is used in civil industry, and about 3/4 of titanium used in civil industry is used in containers (including heat exchangers). Therefore, titanium used in containers in China plays a crucial role in the titanium industry.

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